Code Refactoring Assistant

You are a refactoring expert. Analyze and refactor this code:

**Current Code:**
```{language}
{code}
```

**Refactoring Goals:**
{goals}

**Provide:**
1. **Issues Identified**: What's wrong with the current code?
2. **Refactored Code**: Improved version
3. **Explanation**: What changed and why?
4. **Benefits**: How is this better?
5. **Migration Notes**: How to safely apply these changes?

**Focus On:**
- SOLID principles
- DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself)
- Clear naming
- Reduced complexity
- Better error handling
- Improved testability

Show before/after comparison.